Pertanika Journal

BOARD MEMBER

Although the peer review process has attracted some critism in recent years, it remains the only widely accepted method for research validation and a cornerstone of the scientific publishing process. Pertanika, like most scientific proceeding series, relies on effective peer review processes to uphold the quality and validity of individual articles but also the overall integrity of the proceeding series.

Chief Executive Editor

Mohd Sapuan Salit (Prof. Ir. Dr.) Composite Material, Concurrent Engineering, Natural fibre composites, Materials selection, Design for Environmental Sustainability, Biobased Packaging, Conceptual Design Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.

Editors

Abd. Razak Alimon (Prof. Dr.) Animal Production, Animal Nutrition Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.	Abdul Halim Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Mathematics education, higher order thinking skills, geometrical thinking Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.	Abdul Latif Ahmad (Prof. Ir. Dr) Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub (Prof. Dr. ) Information Technology, Multimedia in Education Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Ahmad Zaharin Aris (Prof. Dr.) Hydrochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Forensics, Heavy Metals Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Alan Dargantes (Prof. Dr.) Veterinary epidemiology and surveillance, Disease diagnostics and therapeutics, Disease ecology Central Mindanao University, Philippines.
Amin Ismail (Prof. Dr.) Food Biochemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Ashutosh Muduli (Prof. Dr.) Human Resource Management Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India.	Azamal Husen (Prof. Dr.) Plant Stress Physiology, Nanoparticles, Plant Propagation, Tree Improvement, Medical Plants Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia.
Azlina Harun@Kamaruddin (Prof. Datin Dr) Enzyme Technology, Fermentation Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.	Bassim H. Hameed (Prof. Dr.) Chemical Engineering: Reaction Engineering, Environmental Catalysis & Adsorption Qatar University, Qatar.	Biswajeet Pradhan (Prof. Dr.) Digital image processing, Geographical Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
Chan Mei Yuit (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Applied Linguistics, English Languages for Specific Purposes, Discourse Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Corina Debora Riantoputra (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Industrial & Organizational Psychology Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.	Daud Ahmad Israf Ali (Prof. Dr.) Cell Biology, Biochemical, Pharmacology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Diogo Guedes Vidal (Dr.) Society/Nature relations, Sociology of Environment, Environmental Health, Urban Nature University of Coimbra, Portugal.	Elistina Abu Bakar (Assoc. Prof.) Consumer law Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah (Prof. Dr.) Ruminant Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Faridah Abas (Prof. Dr.) Bioactive Compounds, Natural Products Chemistry, Metabolomics, LCMS, Functional Food Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Faridah Hanum Ibrahim (Prof. Datin Dr.) Botany, Biodiversity, Conservation Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Fook Yee Chye (Prof. Dr.) Food Science and Nutrition, Food Microbiology, Food Biotechnology Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
Gary Neil McLean (Prof. Dr.) Organization development, national and international human resource development National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok, Thailand.	Hari M. Srivastava (Prof. Dr.) Mathematics and Statistics University of Victoria, Canada.	Ho Yuh-Shan (Prof. Dr.) Water research, Chemical Engineering and Environmental studies Asia University, Taiwan.
Hsiu-Po Kuo (Prof. Dr.) Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University, Taiwan.	Indika Herath (Prof. Dr.) Soil Science, Environmental impact, Crop water use, Water footprint, Carbon footprint Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka.	Ivan D. Rukhlenko (Prof. Dr.) Nonliner Optics, Silicon Photonics Plasmonics and Nanotechnology The University of Sydney, Australia.
Kadambot H. M. Siddique (Prof. Dr.) Crop and Environment Physiology, Germplasm Enhancement University of Western Australia, Australia.	Kavindra Nath Tiwari (Prof. Dr.) Plant biotechnology, Natural products Banaras Hindu University, India.	Khanitta Somtrakoon (Dr.) Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Environmental Microbiology Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
Lee Keat Teong (Prof. Dr.) Energy Environment, Reaction Engineering, Waste Utilization, Renewable Energy Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.	Lee Yok Fee (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Ethnicity and Identity Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Leng Guan Saw (Dato' Dr.) Botany and Conservation, Plant Ecology Penang Botanic Gardens, Malaysia.
Li Fengliang (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) The economics of education, the economics of open and distance education, graduate education, the relationship between education and the labor market Tsinghua University, China.	Lilliati Ismail (Assoc. Prof. ) Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Md Abdur Rahman Forhad (Prof. Dr.) Education Economics, Education Policy, Development Economics, and Applied Econometrics Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh.
Md. Tanvir Rahman (Prof. Dr.) Antimicrobial Resistance/AMR, Virulence and Pathogenesis, Vaccine, Microbial Ecology, Zoonoses, Food Hygiene and Public Health Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh.	Melanie Carol Brooks (Assoc. Prof. Dr) School leadership, management, and Administration Edith Cowan University.	Melissa Ng Lee Yen Abdullah (Assoc. Prof.Dr.) Personality, Abilities and Assessment Educational Psychology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
Mohamad Fazli Sabri (Prof. Dr.) Consumer Finance, Consumer Behavior Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Mohamed Othman (Prof. Dr.) Communication Technology and Network, Scientific Computing Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Fish Disease Diagnosis, Fish Disease Epidemiology, Development of Fish Vaccines Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid (Prof. Dr.) Immunology, Pathology, Bacteriology, Vaccine Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.	Mohd Faizal Kasmani (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Political Communication, Social Media and Communication Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia.	Mohd Rafii Yusop (Prof. Dr.) Breeding, Plant Genetics Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid (Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr) Polymer Composites, Composite Pipes, Natural Fibre Composites, Biodegradable Composites, Bio-Composites Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia.	Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah (Prof. Ir. Dr) Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.	Mohd. Ali Hassan (Prof. Dr.) Bioprocess Engineering, Environmental Biotehnology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Moussa Pourya Asl (Dr.) Migration and Diaspora Studies, Literary Studies, Gender and Race Studies, Memoir, Life Writing University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.	Muhammad Danial Azman (Dr.) Conflict resolution, Political theory and political philosophy, International Relations Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.	Muzafar Shah Habibullah (Prof. Dr.) Economics, Monetary Economics, Banking, Macroeconomics Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Najiah Musa (Prof. Dr.) Bacteriology, Biopharmaceuticals, Disease of Aquatic Organisms Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.	Noor Syamilah Zakaria (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Counselor Education and Supervision Universiti PutraMalaysia, Malaysia.	Nor Azah Yusof (Prof. Dr.) Biosensors, Chemical Sensor, Functional Material Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Norbahiah Misran (Prof. Dr.) Communication Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.	Norhasnida Zawawi (Dr.) Biochemistry, Food Science, Food Chemistry, Antioxidant Activity, Food Analysis University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Noritah Omar (Assoc. Prof.Dr.) Literary and Cultural Studies, Gender Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia,Malaysia.
Novel Lyndon (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Community Development, Boundary Studies, Indigenous Studies, Ethnicity and Identity, Medical Sociology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.	Nurahimah Mohd Yusoff (Prof. Dr.) Curriculum Development,Teacher Education, Professional Teacher Development Universiti Utara Malaysia.	Oi Ming Lai (Prof. Dr.) Esterification, Lipase, Fatty acids, Transesterification Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Piotr Salachna (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Plant physiology, Plant nutrition, Fertilizer Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, Poland.	Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran (Dr.) Community-Based Tourism, Indigenous Tourism, Sustainability Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Raihanah Mohd Mydin (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Literary Studies, Minority Fiction, Muslim Diaspora Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
Roslan Abd-Shukor (Prof. Dato' Dr.) Physics & Materials Physics, Superconducting Materials Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.	Rumaya Juhari (Prof. Dr. ) Family and Child Ecology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	S. M. Mostafa Kamal (Prof. Dr.) Demography and public health, socioeconomic inequalities Islamic University, Bangladesh.
Salinah Ja'far (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Linguistics structure, Malay languageLexicography Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.	Sanmugam Annamalah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Economics, Entrepreneurship, Banking SEGi University, Malaysia.	Shafique Ur Rehman (Dr.) Structural Equation Modeling, Knowledge Management, Technology Adoption, Tourism and Hospitality, Management Control Systems Ilma University, Pakistan.
Shamshuddin Jusop (Prof. Dr.) Soil Science, Soil Mineralogy Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Sharifah Azizah Haron (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Consumer Empowerment, Family Economics, Behavior, well-being, Ageing, Silver Consumer Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Siti Suri Arshad (Prof. Dr.) Avian Virology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Sivakumar Sukumaran (Dr.) Plant breeding, Molecular breeding, Quantitative genetics University of Queensland, Australia.	Suhardi Maulan (Assoc. Prof. LAr. Dr.) Environmental behavior, Visual quality, Landscape theory and history, green infrastructure, Landscape governance Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.	Tati Suryati Syamsudin (Prof.Dr.) Ecology, Entomology, Invertebrate, Fruit fly management Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.
Tey Nai Peng (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Social Sciences, Population and Demographic Studies University of Malaya, Malaysia.	Ting Su Hie (Prof. Dr.) Sociolinguistics, academic writing, strategic competence, applied linguistics Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.	Victor T. King (Prof. Dr.) Anthropology / Southeast Asian Studies White Rose East Asia Centre, University of Leeds, UK.
Vincenzo Tufarelli (Assoc.Prof.Dr.) Animal science, Animal nutrition, Poultry science University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.	Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Film censorship, communication policy, media system, subtitling, translation Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.	Wen Siang Tan (Prof. Dr.) Molecular Biology, Virology, Protein Chemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Wing Keong Ng (Prof. Dr.) Aquaculture, Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Aqua Feed Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.	Yothin Sawangdee (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Population and Social Research Mahidol University, Thailand.	Zalina Shari (Assoc. Prof. Dr.) Architecture, Sustainable Building Rating System Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Zora Singh (Prof. Dr.) Horticulture, Production Technology and Post-handling of Fruit Crops Edith Cowan University, Australia.